Package: fragility
Type: Package
Title: Assessing and Visualizing Fragility of Clinical Results
Version: 2.0
Date: 2026-09-21
Authors@R: 
  c(person(given = "Lifeng", family = "Lin",
    role = c("aut", "cre"), email = "lifenglin@arizona.edu",
    comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-3562-9816")),
    person(given = "Xing", family = "Xing",
    role = "aut", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0001-9394-8957")),
    person(given = "Jiayi", family = "Tong",
    role = "aut", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-1213-6699")),
    person(given = "Haitao", family = "Chu",
    role = "aut", email = "chux0051@umn.edu",
    comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-0932-598X")))
Maintainer: Lifeng Lin <lifenglin@arizona.edu>
Depends: R (>= 3.5.0)
Imports: graphics (>= 3.5.0), grDevices (>= 3.5.0), meta (>= 8.0-1),
        metafor (>= 2.0-0), netmeta (>= 1.0-0), plotrix (>= 3.7-5),
        stats (>= 3.5.0), survival (>= 3.8-3)
Description: A collection of user-friendly functions for assessing
        fragility of clinical results with binary and survival
        outcomes. For binary outcomes, the package assesses and
        visualizes fragility of individual studies (Walsh et al., 2014
        <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019>; Lin, 2021
        <doi:10.1111/jep.13428>), conventional pairwise meta-analyses
        (Atal et al., 2019 <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012>), and
        network meta-analyses of multiple treatments with binary
        outcomes (Xing et al., 2020
        <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.003>). The functions for binary
        outcomes are designed to: 1) calculate the fragility index
        (i.e., the minimal event status modifications that can alter
        the significance or non-significance of the original result)
        and fragility quotient (i.e., fragility index divided by sample
        size) at a specific significance level; 2) give the cases of
        event status modifications for altering the result's
        significance or non-significance and visualize these cases; 3)
        visualize the trend of statistical significance as event status
        is modified; 4) efficiently derive fragility indexes and
        fragility quotients at multiple significance levels, and
        visualize the relationship between these fragility measures
        against the significance levels; and 5) calculate fragility
        indexes and fragility quotients of multiple datasets (e.g., a
        collection of clinical trials or meta-analyses) and produce
        plots of their overall distributions. For survival outcomes,
        the package implements the event status modification method
        based on the log-rank test described by Xing et al. (2026
        <doi:10.1093/aje/kwaf229>). It calculates the fragility index
        and fragility quotient for two-group studies with
        right-censored data, modifying event status in one or both
        groups while preserving follow-up times and group assignments.
        Results include the sequence of modifications, corresponding
        p-values, and an S3 print method. The outputs from these
        functions may inform the robustness of clinical results in
        terms of statistical significance and aid the interpretation of
        fragility measures. The usage of this package is illustrated in
        Lin et al. (2023 <doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.053>) and detailed
        in Lin and Chu (2022 <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268754>).
License: GPL (>= 2)
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2026-09-22 10:43:07 UTC; root
Author: Lifeng Lin [aut, cre] (ORCID:
        <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-9816>), Xing Xing [aut]
        (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-8957>), Jiayi Tong
        [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1213-6699>), Haitao
        Chu [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0932-598X>)
Config/pak/sysreqs: cmake libglpk-dev make libicu-dev libxml2-dev
        libx11-dev
Repository: https://linlf.r-universe.dev
Date/Publication: 2026-09-22 05:10:02 UTC
RemoteUrl: https://github.com/cran/fragility
RemoteRef: HEAD
RemoteSha: fccf6b84ce14428ed351cba4f0e297344aadff1c
Built: R 4.6.0; ; 2026-09-22 10:45:52 UTC; unix
